2/17/2024 0 Comments Crushed mint leavesAnsari MA, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan RK. Vegetables, herbs and spices: The importance of family and tasting. Heinrichs PA, Nikolaus CJ, Ellison B, Nickols-Richardson SM, Chapman-Novakofski K. Humans have also put crushed pennyroyal stems in their pockets or on their clothing to ward off unwanted insects ( Figure 3). Some flea collars for pets have pennyroyal oil, or the herb can be crushed in the lining. As a pest repellent, it is used to keep fleas away from the household animals as well as humans to ward off gnats and mosquitos. Pennyroyal is frequently used as an insecticide and pest repellent. Though they differ in genera, they share similar chemical properties. European pennyroyal relates to an American species, Hedeoma pulegioides. Pennyroyal is a traditional folk remedy abortifacient and culinary herb, but it is toxic to the liver and has caused some deaths. Crushed pennyroyal leaves give a very strong scent similar to spearmint. Mentha pulegium, commonly (European) pennyroyal, or pennyrile, also called squaw mint, mosquito plant, and pudding grass, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, which is native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. It also consists of the phenolic acids including lithospermic acid, protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid, daucosterol, β-sitosterol, anthraquinones aloe-emodin, phytosterols, chrysophanol, protocatechuic aldehyde, tannins, emodin, and caffeic acid ( Figure 1). The plant of mint contains chrysoeriol, eriocitrin, isorhoifolin, hesperidoside, methyl rosmarinate, linarin, narirutin, acacetin, tilicine, hesperidin, rutin, menthoside, luteolin, nodifloretin, and flavonoids diosmin. Mentha arvensis produces 70–90% of menthol along with cineol piperitone, sesquiterpene, and cineol piperitone as the other ingredients. Its oil consists of 4.5–10% esters, menthyl acetate along with ketones with a percentage of 15–20%. Its active constituents comprise of menthone, menthol, limonene, methyl acetate, isomenthone, beta-caryophyllene, tannins, neomenthol, alpha- and beta-pinene, flavonoids, and piperitone. Its leaves are also deployed as a remedy for rheumatic pains and indigestion. Menthol is being used in drugs for the cure of stomach issues and in ointments for the remedy of headache. Its oil is carminative, stimulant, antiseptic, and diuretic. Oil is procured from the distillation of leaves having 40–50% of menthol. It is used to cure the maladies of asthma, liver, jaundice, and spleen. The flowers produced on this plant are purplish to light blue in color, having hairs on them. Leaves are 1.5–2 cm in length, round-tipped with tooted margins having the shape of oblong-ovate. Mentha arvensis is an aromatic branched herb that can reach a height of 40 cm, with terminal branches in ascending position. Sometimes, it is also used for culinary purposes for food and flavors. Oil extracted from Mentha has cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and perfumery applications. Natural menthol has a soothing and relaxing cooling impact on the mucous membrane of the human body and on the skin. These species are herbaceous and perennial plants, commonly cultivated for flavor and a pleasant aroma. Keeping in view the chromosome numbers, phylogenetic analysis, and major essential oil components, Mentha has been redefined to comprise of 18 species and 11 hybrids, which are divided into four sections. The genus Mentha has been in a state of flux with especial reference to its taxonomy, as more than 3000 names have been being published since 1753. Small trees, perennial or annual herbs, and shrubs are members of this family. It is a member of the Lamiaceae family, and their plants generally contain flowers with prominent liplike lower petals. Mentha was described and named by Jussieu in 1789. In various countries, research is being done to discover the potential applications of medicinal plants in favor of human beings. In different parts of the world, herbs were utilized for medicines, food, and many other purposes. *Address all correspondence to: Introduction Post Harvest Research Centre, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Pakistan.Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Home Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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